Piston



C. G. COOK 'Nov. 1924a PISTON Filed May 9, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet INVENIOR6. a (Zn/k B) //Z-'Z7-1/1/1 Y/ 0A ATTORNEYS Nov. 4 19% 1,514,506

C. G. COOK PISTON Filed May 9, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 4,i924.

ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALE TO AUD HEY N.

MCNEELY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

PISTON.

Application filed May 9,

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Cass G. Coon, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and a resident of Detroit, in the county of WVayne and State ofMichigamhave invented a nejv and Improved Piston, of which jghefoll'owmg is a description.

My inveption relates to a piston and is mereparticularly intended forembodiment l) in the piston ofan internal combustion motor.

The general object of my invention is to promote convenience in theexamination or repair of the piston or piston rings without practicallydismantling the motor as is the general practice for its inspection orits re pair, the partial or complete dismantling in volving the dangerof damage to the cylinder. At present owing to the trouble andinconvenience of making a thorough examination for the making of slightrepairs or adjustment the owner in many cases entirely neglects toexamine the rings, whereby the cylinder walls are damaged with theresulting. loss of compression and power. The stated object is attainedby a construction permitting of the dismemberment of the pistonassemblage and the ready lifting of the piston from the cylinder, thestep of removing the piston involving the minimum expenditure *of laborand time and involving little trouble. I

A further object of the invention is to provide a piston assemblage inwhich the piston body may be so formed as to permit of equipping thesame with various arrangements of rings respecting their width or formand resulting in a more effective ring arangement to prevent pumping ofoil to reduce the carbon and develop the maximum c, power.

A further object of the invention is to provide a construction in whicha piston pin cannot work loose and damage the cylinder walls assometimes occur with arrangements now in use; a specific object being toprovide a construction in which the piston pin is relieved of strainexcept as pulled down by the connecting rod on the suction stroke aswill more clearly appear from the specific description following. 4

Reference is to be had to the accompany ing drawings forming a part ofthis specification, it being understood that the drawings 1923. SeriallNo. 637,873.

are merely illustrative of of the invention. I

1gl11f9.1 is'a vertical section of a complete piston assemblageembodying my invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical section in the plane. at right angles to Figure 1as indicated by the line 2-2, Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal section in the plane indicated by the line 33,Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an inverted plan view of the piston assemblage;

Figures 5 and 6 are partly sectional side elevations showing modifiedforms of the piston pin element;

Figure 7 is a detail in vertical section showing the manner of lockingthe bolts against turning, the locking pin being shown separate and inthe form before being applied to the bolt;

Figure 8 is a View similar to Figure 7 but with the locking pin inposition, the section of Figure 8 being on the line S8 of Figure 1. Y

Incarrying out my invention in accordance with the illustrated exampleacylindrical piston body or shell 10 is provided of a single piece topresent unbroken annular continuity at the periphery.

\Vithin the shell 10 is the piston pin element 11 having the transversepin 12 thereof to receive the connecting rod (not shown) fastened in theform shown in Figure 1 by transverse fastening pins 13 passing throughthe pin 12 and through bosses 14 on the element 11.

Modifications of the pin-element 11 are shown in Figures 5 and 6. InFigure 5 the pin element designated 111 as the pin 112 to receive theconnecting rod secured by reason of a driving fit in the sides of theelement 11 and in the osses 114 thereof. The elements 11 and 111 areU-shaped, the sides being joined by a front crossbar. In the form shownin Figure 6 the pin element 211 is generally of H-form comprisingparallel practical examples side members and an integral pin 212 toredirected lugs 15 which are acconimoi'lated in rabbets 16 in the rearend of the body 10 so that the pinelement lies flush with the rear endof said body 10. The lugs 15 a re formed with bolt holes '17 parallelwith the axis of the piston and are adapted to be engaged by ,bolts 18at diametrically opposite sides of tlie pisgon and parallel with theaxis thereof. The boltsfltipass through a separate piston head or cap I9and they serve to rigidly hold togetherthe body'flO, the pin element 11,111, or 211 and the cap 19. The sides of the pin element as 11, forexample, are received in vertical grooves 20 formed at the interior ofthe body 10 at diametrically opposite sides whereby said pin element isprevented from turning. 1 The bolts 20 are counter-sunk in the cap19,"pas s ed through alined holes 21, 22 in the body 10 andengage thethreads of the bolt holes 17 of tlielugs 15 of the piston pin element11.

By the above described construction in order to remove the piston thebolts .18 are removed which will afford access to the pin 12 to detachthe connecting rod and with the removal of the bolts the piston body 10may be lifted from the cylinder without damaging the same. The element11 may then be readily detached from the connecting rod if that is foundnecessary so that the complete piston assemblage may be removed from thecylinder without disconnecting the connecting rod from the crank shaftof the motor. The described assemblagerlends itself to the employment ofany practical number of piston rings in annular grooves 23.

In order to effectively lubricate the piston and cylinder with thedescribed assemblage, an annular internal shoulder2-l is formed on thebody 10 projecting laterally inward a sutficient extent to trap oilrising or splashed into the interior of the piston. From the annularshoulder 24 oil holes 25 lead laterally outward obliquely to theexternal surface of the piston. Additional oil holes 26 may be providedextending through the walls of the body 10 rearward of the shoulder 24.Said oil holes may terminate at their outer ends at an annular groove 27in the body 10. i

In order to lock the bolts 18 against turning the cap 19 is formed inthe counter-sink thereof with diametrically opposed lateral blindrecesses 28 and each bolt 18 is formed in the head thereof with a slot29 which may be brought into register with the recesses 28. ,A lockingpin 30 of comparatively soft wire initially has a bent form to enter thecounter-sink 31 in the cap 19 and be accommodated in the slot 29 whenthe bolt 18 is in place after which the pin 30 is forced into a straightform as in Figure 8 to lie across the slot 29 and to project into therecesses 28.

I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated examplesconstitute practical embodiments of my invention, I do not limit myselfstrictly to the exact details herein illustrated, since, manifestly, thesame can be considerably varied without departure from the spirit of theinvention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A piston comprising a cylindrical body, an element fitting withinsaid body and having-a transverse pin adapted for connection with aconnecting rod, said body having interior grooves forming a guideway formovement of said element into or out of position in the body, and a capon said body at the front end, bolts extending longitudinally throughsaid cap and body, and means on said element at the rear end threaded tobe engaged by said bolts for firmly holding the whole solidly together.2. A piston including a cylindrical hollow body, an element adapted tobe positioned within said body or removed therefrom, and longitudinalbolts extending through said body from the front at the sides of saidelement and engaging said element at the rear end thereof and serving tofirmly hold the body and said element against separation.

3. A piston including a cylindrical hollow body, an element adapted tobe positioned within said body or removed therefrom, a

separate cap on said body at the front end.

and longitudinal bolts passing longitudinally in said body at the sidesof said element and through said cap, and lateral meniberson saidelement at the rear end and engaged by said bolts to hold the body, capand said elements against separation.

4. A piston including a hollow tubular body of unbroken annularcontinuity and having annular grooves adapted to receive piston rings, aseparate element fitting within said body and held against turningmovement therein, said element having means to secure it to a connectingrod, a cap on said body, and bolts passing through said cap and bodyoutside of said element, and having threaded engagement with saidelement to hold the parts in rigid relation.

5. A piston including a hollow tubular body of unbroken annularcontinuity and having annular grooves adapted to receive piston rings, aseparate element fitting within said body and held against turningmovement therein, said element having means to secure it to a connectingrod, :1 cap on said body, and bolts passing through said cap and bodyoutside of said element, and having'threaded engagement with saidelement to hold the parts in rigid relation; together with means to locksaid bolts to said cap to prevent disconnection between the bolts andsaid element.

CASS. G. COOK.

